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Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003) - Ghana (2002)

Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003) z Ghana (2002)

 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003)Ghana (2002)
 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)Ghana
Administrative divisions none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) 10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western
Age structure 0-14 years: NA%


15-64 years: NA%


65 years and over: NA%
0-14 years: 40.4% (male 4,116,600; female 4,063,654)


15-64 years: 56.1% (male 5,625,397; female 5,723,786)


65 years and over: 3.5% (male 338,352; female 376,365) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber
Airports 5 (2002) 12 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
total: 7


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 3


under 914 m: 3 (2002)
total: 5


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area total: 12,173 sq km


land: 12,173 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
total: 239,460 sq km


land: 230,940 sq km


water: 8,520 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Connecticut slightly smaller than Oregon
Background Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982. Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. A long series of coups resulted in the suspension of the constitution in 1981 and the banning of political parties. A new constitution, restoring multiparty politics, was approved in 1992. Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. He was succeeded by John KUFUOR, who defeated former Vice President Atta MILLS in a free and fair election.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population 28.08 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $66.2 million


expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)
revenues: $1.603 billion


expenditures: $1.975 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
Capital Stanley Accra
Climate cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north
Coastline 1,288 km 539 km
Constitution 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998 new constitution approved 28 April 1992
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
conventional long form: Republic of Ghana


conventional short form: Ghana


former: Gold Coast
Currency Falkland pound (FKP) cedi (GHC)
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population 10.31 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $NA $5.96 billion (2001 est.)
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Carlin YATES


embassy: 6th and 10th Lanes, 798/1 Osu, Accra


mailing address: P. O. Box 194, Accra


telephone: [233] (21) 775-347, 775-348


FAX: [233] (21) 701-813
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) chief of mission: Ambassador Alan J. KYEREMATEN


chancery: 3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 686-4520


FAX: [1] (202) 686-4527


consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international claimed by Argentina whose forces briefly occupied it in 1982, but now declares it will no longer seek settlement by force none
Economic aid - recipient none $6.9 billion (1999) (1999)
Economy - overview The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost. Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 36% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Excessively expansionary monetary and fiscal policy prior to the 2000 elections led to accelerating inflation in early 2001. A depressed cocoa market and continued weak growth in non-traditional exports led to disappointing growth in 2001. The late 2002 crisis in Cote d'Ivoire has boosted cocoa prices markedly. It remains to be seen if this portends a long-term shift in the cocoa market. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) program in 2002.
Electricity - consumption 15.19 million kWh (2001) 5.484 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 422 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 400 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 16.33 million kWh (2001) 5.92 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
fossil fuel: 30%


hydro: 70%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Afadjato 880 m
Environment - current issues overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups British black African 98.5% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, Yoruba 1%), European and other 1.5% (1998)
Exchange rates Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.67 (2002), 0.69 (2001), 0.66 (2000), 0.62 (1999), 0.6 (1998); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound cedis per US dollar - 7,195 (January 2002), 7,170.76 (2001), 5,455.06 (2000), 2,669.30 (1999), 2,314.15 (1998), 2,050.17 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA)


cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
chief of state: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament


elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 and 28 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2004)


election results: John Agyekum KUFUOR elected president in runoff election; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 56.4%, John Atta MILLS 43.6%
Exports NA (2001) $1.94 billion f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities wool, hides, meat gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds
Exports - partners Spain 76.2%, UK 9.2%, US 7.1% (2002) Togo, UK, Italy, Netherlands, Germany, US, France (1998)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March calendar year
Flag description blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band
GDP purchasing power parity - $75 million (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $39.4 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture: 36%


industry: 25%


services: 39% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,980 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 3% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 51 45 S, 59 00 W 8 00 N, 2 00 W
Geography - note deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake
Highways total: 440 km


paved: 50 km


unpaved: 390 km (2002)
total: 38,940 km


paved: 9,346 km (including 30 km of expressways)


unpaved: 29,594 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: 2%


highest 10%: 30% (1998)
Illicit drugs - illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and corruption have made money laundering a problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
Imports NA (2001) $2.83 billion f.o.b. (2000)
Imports - commodities fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs
Imports - partners UK 57.9%, Spain 19.8%, Italy 16.7% (2002) UK, Nigeria, US, Germany, Italy, Spain (1998)
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) 6 March 1957 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 3.8% (2000 est.)
Industries fish and wool processing; tourism mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing
Infant mortality rate total: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
55.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.6% (1998) 25% (2001 est.)
International organization participation ICFTU ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) 12 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 110 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction Supreme Court
Labor force 1,100 (est.) 9 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing) agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 2,094 km


border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.)
arable land: 15.82%


permanent crops: 7.47%


other: 76.71% (1998 est.)
Languages English English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)
Legal system English common law based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor


elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
unicameral Parliament (200 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 7 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2004)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 100, NDC 92, PNC 3, CPP 1, independents 4
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years
total population: 57.06 years


male: 55.66 years


female: 58.51 years (2002 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 64.5%


male: 75.9%


female: 53.5% (1995 est.)
Location Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo
Map references South America Africa
Maritime claims continental shelf: 200 NM


exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200 NM


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 16,450 GRT/22,097 DWT


ships by type: petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 5


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Brazil 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Spain 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK -
Military branches British Forces Falkland Islands no regular indigenous military forces; (includes Army, Royal Air Force, and Royal Navy), Police Force Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA $35.2 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% 0.7% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 5,045,355 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 2,799,292 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 213,237 (2002 est.)
National holiday Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) Independence Day, 6 March (1957)
Nationality noun: Falkland Islander(s)


adjective: Falkland Island
noun: Ghanaian(s)


adjective: Ghanaian
Natural hazards strong winds persist throughout the year dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts
Natural resources fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population -0.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
People - note - there are 9,500 Liberians, 2,000 Sierra Leoneans, and 1,000 Togolese refugees residing in Ghana (2002)
Pipelines - 0 km
Political parties and leaders none; all independents Convention People's Party or CPP [Nii Noi DOWUONA, general secretary]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA, chairman]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]; Reform Party [Kyeretwie OPUKU, general secretary]
Political pressure groups and leaders none NA
Population 2,967 (July 2003 est.) 20,244,154


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 31% (1992 est.)
Population growth rate 2.44% (2003 est.) 1.7% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Stanley


note: the primary port is located in Stanley Harbour and known locally as FIPASS (Falkland Interim Port and Storage System); the facility consists of seven permanently moored barges providing 300 meters of berthing space; it was installed by the military after 1982 and handed over to the Falkland Islands Government in 1988
Takoradi, Tema
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 0, FM 49, shortwave 3 (2001)
Radios - 12.5 million (2001)
Railways 0 km total: 953 km


narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge; undergoing major rehabilitation (2001 est.)
Religions primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist indigenous beliefs 21%, Muslim 16%, Christian 63%
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
general assessment: poor to fair system; Internet accessible; many rural communities not yet connected; expansion of services is underway


domestic: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed


international: satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors
Telephones - main lines in use NA 240,000 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 150,000 (2001)
Television broadcast stations 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service)


note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
10 (2001)
Terrain rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman 3.69 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate full employment; labor shortage 20% (1997 est.)
Waterways none 1,293 km


note: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways
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